9 computer note

Define algorithm. = Algorithm is a set of finite, well-defined steps or instructions designed to solve a problem or perform a computation. An algorithm is a step-by-step problem solving procedure.

The first commercially available language was FORTRAN (FORMULA Translation),developed in 1956

A programming language is a language consisting of a set of instructions provided by the user that tells a computer what task to do and how to do it. Python, Java, PHP, C++, etc. are some examples of popular programming languages.





Programming: It is the process of providing detailed instructions to a computer step by step to do specific tasks.

Programmer: A programmer is a person who is involved in writing computer programs.

 

Syntax: The rule for writing commands is called syntax.


High-level languages are programming languages that are used for writing programs or software that can be understood by humans and computers. Programs written in high-level languages are called program code,and they’re readable to humans but not to computers

Low-level programming language/Machine language is low level language which consists of binary codes which are directly operated by CPU Central Processing Unit.


Programming tools: [Flowchart and Algorithm]

An algorithm is like a recipe for computer programming. It’s a step-by-step guide that tells the computer exactly what to do to solve a problem or computer task

A flowchart is a diagram that shows the steps of an algorithm in a visual way. It uses different shapes to represent different types of actions and arrows to show the direction of the process. 

      

The table below shows shapes used in flowchart and their meaning:

 

Name

Shapes

Meaning

Uses

Oval

 

Start/End

Marksthestartandendpointsof a flowchart.

Parallelogram

 

Input/Output

Handles    input/output,    taking userinputanddisplayingoutput.

 

Rectangle

 

Processing

Represents       processing       or calculation steps in the flow.

Arrow

 

    

Direction      of flow

Showsthedirectionofflowor sequence in the flowchart.

 

Diamond

 

D e c i s i o n / Condition Check

Checksconditionsandrepresents decision-making points.

Circle

 

Connector

Act   as    a    connector    joining components of the flow chart.

Coding: Coding is the process of writing instructions in a programming language to create software or applications.These instructions,known as code(instruction of Program), tell the computer exactly what tasks to perform.
Testing: running the program to identify any errors or bugs and verifying the program work correctly.
Debugging: locating the source of the problem in the code, understanding why it occurred, and then making the necessary corrections to fix it.

A compiler is a translator of computer programs that translate the entire high-level language into machine level programming language in a single operation on a computer. Some of the most commonly widely used compiled languages are JAVA, C#, C, C++, FORTRAN, etc. Some examples of compilerare:Microsoft visual studio, GNU compiler collection(GCC),  Common Business oriented languages (COBOL)

An interpreter translates the code line-by-line when the program is running.Some examples of interpreter are:       [ JavaScript      Ruby    Listprocessing (LISP)   MATLAB  Python]

Compiler

Interpreter

A compiler reads and translates program code to machine code all at once.

An interpreter reads and translates program code to machine code line by line.

If there’s an error in the program code, it displays errors at the end.

If there is an error in the program code, it displays while running the program.

Compiled    program’s     execution time is comparatively faster.

Interpreted program’s execution time is comparatively slower.

Compiled programs have separate files to store machine code.

An interpreted program does not have a separate file to store machine code.


Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language known for its clear syntax and readability. It is widely used for web development, data science, artificial intelligence, and automation.
Python, a programming language introduced by Guido van Rossum in 1991, has become widely popular due to its simplicity and versatility. With Python, we can solve a variety of problems and even create our own games. What makes Python stand out is its easy-to-understand syntax, which is similar to everyday language. This makes it particularly beginner-friendly, perfect for those who are new to coding

Features of Python

 Easy to read and write

Versatile
Beginner-friendly
 Extensive standard library
  Rich ecosystem


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